Shiming Han^1,2, Yuexia Wang^1,2*, Yumei Fang¹*, Zainab Saeed³, Tanveer Ahmad⁴, Jihong Dong², Muhammad Sajjad⁵*

¹School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China

²School of Public Administration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

³State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071000, China

⁴Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan

⁵Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan

*Corresponding author’s email: B20160017@cumt.edu.cn; xinxiang324@sohu.com; muhammad.sajjad@comsats.edu.pk

Received: 16 July 2025 / Accepted: 22 September 2025 / Published Online: 13 October 2025

Abstract

Actinidia spp. (kiwifruit) has transitioned from a regional Chinese fruit to a crop of global economic and nutritional significance. This spread reflects the genus Actinidia’s rich genetic diversity and systematic dissemination efforts. Kiwifruit Commercial production now centers on key regions including China, New Zealand, Italy, and Greece. The fruit’s distinctive nutritional chemistry, marked by exceptionally high concentrations of vitamins C, E, and K, underpins its dietary value. We review the utilization of Actinidia genetic resources as reservoirs for enhancing yield, quality, and resilience. Conventional techniques (selective breeding, interspecific hybridization) and modern biotechnologies are analyzed comparatively, encompassing marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection, and mutagenesis. Emphasis addresses CRISPR-Cas9 transformative capacity for precise editing of disease resistance loci, nutritional biosynthetic pathways, and abiotic stress tolerance genes. These integrative approaches enable development of improved cultivars with optimized yield, organoleptic profiles, enhanced postharvest stability, and climate resilience. Despite these advances, we identify persistent challenges in trait introgression and manipulation of regulatory pathways, proposing doable strategies toward sustainable global production.

Keywords: Kiwifruit, Breeding, Genetic diversity, CRISPR/Cas9, Fruit quality, Trait improvement, KASP, MAS

Hassien M. Alnashiri*

Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author’s email: halnashiri@jazanu.edu.sa

Received:16 November 2024 / Accepted:15 April 2025 / Published Online: 27 April 2025

Abstract

The Red sea has specific unique different features capturing rich biodiversity and aquatic species. The most important geographical and biological values focused on coral reef ecosystems. The shallow regions, as well as the island of Farasan and the tiny islands scattered around it, provide a suitable area for the coral reef distribution and nurture many endemic creatures. This review relied on coral reef association and classification. It dealt with the Red Sea problem and nature with relation to coral reef properties and its impacts. It focused on coral reef threats with future view for economical tourism based on role of coral reefs besides ways for coral reefs conservation. It comprised notes on coral predation, bleaching and diseases. The major hurdle to the coral reefs of this region, resulting in wider areas of coral bleaching, is the rise in temperature due to the global warming phenomenon. This work emphasizes the extent and diversity of red sea corals’ natural and anthropogenic issues faced by the coral ecosystems based on published research and technical reports with scoring reviewed data accompanied with tables and figures. Bar and pie graphs were used to analyze the coral reef data to interpret the actual status for all types presented in different countries. At the end of this investigation, conclusion and prediction of coral reefs status besides recommendations for sustainable development applied on utilization of coral reefs were performed.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Coral reefs, Ecology, Red Sea

Rahman Rahman^1*, Widhi Kurniawan¹, Ali Bain¹, La Malesi¹, Astriana Napirah¹, Cecep Hidayat², Rantan Krisnan², Achmad Fanindi², Sajimin Sajimin², Gresy Eva Tresia², Harmini Harmini², Endang Sutedi², Fitra Aji Pamungkas ², Slamet Widodo², Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin², Iwan Herdiawan², Isbandi Isbandi², Try Zulchi²

¹The Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Halu Oleo University, Jl. H.E.A Mokodompit Kampus Anduonohu, 93232, Kendari, Indonesia

²Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of The Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia

*Corresponding author’s email: rahman@uho.ac.id

Received: 08 April 2024 / Accepted: 23 January 2025 / Published Online: 06 March 2025

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilizer is the major nutrient required by grass for optimal growth and biomass production. The type and dosage of nitrogen fertilizer application influence plant productivity. This research used a meta-analysis approach aimed to assess how optimal N fertilizer dosage and types affect the productivity improvement of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Search done in Elsevier, Scopus, Science Direct, JSTOR, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases yielded 44 studies, of which 24 were suitable for the analysis. The dataset was collected between 1972 and 2022, and all experiments included a control treatment with no nitrogen fertilizer and a variety of forms (organic or inorganic) that were evaluated herein for the productivity and nutritional contents of Napier grass. The data were then subjected to meta-analysis using a mixed-effects model methodology, treating different doses or forms of nitrogen fertilizer as fixed effects and various studies as random effects, with the p-value used as the statistical model. The findings demonstrated that N fertilizer dosage influences (P<0.05) the total dry weight of forage, leaf weight, plant height, N, P, Na production, and dry matter digestibility. Furthermore, the type of inorganic fertilizer affects (P<0.05) the production of fresh Napier grass forage, leaf weight, and plant height but has no significant impact (P>0.05) on other production parameters. In conclusion, the productivity of Napier grass has the potential to increase effectively with higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer, with the optimal dosage at 1,493.31 kg N/ha/year. Both organic and inorganic types of N fertilizer show similar effects on most of the measured variables.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Napier grass, Nitrogen, Meta-analysis, Productivity fertilizer

Olga I. Lavrukhina^1,2*, Vasiliy G. Amelin^1,2, Leonid K. Kish¹, Dmitry A. Makarov¹, Alexey V. Tretyakov¹, Elizaveta S. Kozeicheva¹, Andrei S. Khishov¹, Saidfatima M. Borunova^1,3

¹The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality, 5, Zvenigorodskoye sh., Moscow, 123022 Russia

²Chemistry Department, Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov, 87, ul. Gor’kogo, Vladimir, 600000, Russia

³Department of Disease Diagnostics, Therapy, Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin, 23, ul. Akademika Skryabina, Moscow, 109472 Russia

Abstract

Antibacterial drugs, analgesics, anti-infective, contrast media, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and hormones are transferred to the environment from hospital and agricultural effluents, pharmaceutical industrial waste, human and animal excrements from households and sewers. Residues of pharmaceuticals in water and soil cause damage to the ecosystem. Their transformation products could be equally or more toxic and persistent than parent compounds. Some metabolites save biological activity in the environmental objects, including antibacterial activity. The objective of this review is to describe the environmental occurrence, transformation, eco-toxicity, analytical practices, degradation, and removal strategies used to control and prevent environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, coccidiostatic agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-adrenomimetics, anthelmintics, hormones). Their determination in routine analysis through simple on-site devices and approaches is of great interest. Instrumental analysis is making progress in the advancement of qualitative and quantitative methods. Gas and liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry are commonly used because of their high specificity, simultaneous multicomponent determination opportunities, and low detection limits. Highly sensitive methods generally with accurate mass spectrometric detection are required. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry is an effective method. The use of green chemistry principles is preferred for both on-site and instrumental analysis, because fewer toxic reagents and solvents are required. The most promising approach for water treatment and manure detoxification is to merge chemical and biological strategies. Persistent pharmaceuticals will be most effectively eliminated by a combination of different treatment technologies.

Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Water and soil contamination, Veterinary drugs, Manure Determination, Detoxification

Ikhlaq Ahmad¹, Azeem Iqbal Khan², Safdar Ali³, Rashid Mehmood Rana^1*

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

²Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract

Comparative genomics has emerged as a great tool in understanding variations/similarities among various species at molecular level. In classical genetics synteny was used to show that two or more loci are present on same chromosome. Now a day’s synteny is being used to answer questions concerning homeology (the remains of completely homologous chromosomes). Chromosome/genome synteny has been observed in closely related species, having several genes with similar map orders. Synteny is helpful in comparing different genomes. It is used in the study of evolution of genomes, observe functional conservation, help in genome annotation and observe genome assembly errors. Synteny among different genomes can be detected by identification of conserved sequence elements among genomes, comparing the conserved proteins with the help of BLASTP or by the combination of both. Numerous tools are available for the detection of synteny among different genomes. Synteny analysis has been used largely to study complex genomes and helped in discoveries at genomic, chromosomal and gene levels. Syntenic mapping in plant breeding holds promising future prospects.

Keywords: Comparative genomics, Synteny, Homeology, Chromosome, Genome, Gene

Muhammad Imran^1&, Ramna Zia^2&, Muhammad Aqib Fareed^3&, Benish Javed^1&, Ali Ahsan^4&, Kiran Jalil⁴, Muhammad Umer Khan⁵, Hassan Shabbir Chaudhry⁶, Muhammad Subaan Fareed⁷, Muhammad Muddassir⁸, Chaudhry Ahmed Shabbir⁹*, Zahra Kalim¹⁰*

¹University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

²Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

³Allama Iqbal Medical Collage, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Ward Osaka-558- 0022, Japan

⁵Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

⁶Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hijaz hospital Gulberg, Lahore, Pakistan

⁷School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China

⁸Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan

⁹School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia

¹⁰Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^&These authors contributed equally to this work

Abstract

The ABO grouping of blood, comprising the four main types A, B, AB, and O, has been widely recognized for its significance in establishing the suitability of organ transplants and blood transfusions. Recent research has revealed the potential influence of ABO blood types on susceptibility to certain diseases. The current study uses an extensive review of the body of literature and epidemiological investigations to explore the relationships between ABO blood types and disorders that impact various organ systems. The focus lies on chronic ailments, encompassing certain types of cancer as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and infectious disorders. For example, those with A blood group may exhibit a higher susceptibility to developing peptic carcinoma, whereas individuals with blood type O may demonstrate a lower propensity for cardiovascular issues. The fundamental mechanisms of these interactions remain incompletely understood. The potential causes for the impact of ABO antigens on immunological responses, coagulation factors, inflammation, and interactions with pathogens are still under investigation. The presence of genetic and molecular variations within ABO blood types may contribute to differing susceptibilities to illnesses. This review examines the correlation between ABO blood types and susceptibility to diseases.

Keywords: ABO blood groups, Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Hypertension, Infectious disease, Malaria

Qaisar Mahmood^1*, Shahida Shaheen², Muhammad Azeem¹

¹Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32028, Bahrain

²Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan

Abstract

This review article summarized the diverse kinds of nanobiosensors along with their uses in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, while also defining present challenges and opportunities for future investigation and augmentation. In healthcare, for instance, they have been employed for glucose monitoring, cholesterol detection, antibiotic monitoring, and the production of new types of antibiotics that are effective against resistant strains. This enables a highly efficient method that is both accurate and reliable when detecting biomarkers. Nanobiosensors have been overwhelmingly successful in aiding in environmental monitoring. With its ability to effectively screen groundwater, detect pollutants, and monitor toxicity, this emerging technology has become a force to be reckoned with for detecting hazardous substances. Similarly, the food industry has seen remarkable benefits from nanobiosensors as well. The use of nanobiosensors for dynamic food safety monitoring enables prompt detection of dangerous foodborne pathogens and spoilage issues while providing real-time data on the quality of consumables. Even though nanobiosensors possess enormous potential, there are still numerous limitations to overcome.

Keywords: Nanobiosensors, Healthcare, Environmental monitoring, Food safety, Diagnosis, Monitoring, Antibiotics, Pollution