Category Archives: b_original_articles

Sri Budiyanti^*, Hidrayani, Hasmiandy Hamid

Agriculture Quarantine Office, Class 1, Padang 25217, Indonesia

Abstract

Vegetables in Padang are generally attacked by fruit flies. A study has been done to investigate the fruit flies’ species diversity and measure the damage they have caused on these vegetables. Four kinds of vegetables viz. bitter gourd, cucumber, angled loofah, and chili pepper were sampled in the subdistricts of Pauh, Kuranji, Lubuk Kilangan, and Koto Tangah using purposive sampling. There were three species of fruit flies found in four vegetables in Padang, viz. B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis and Bactrocera species. The highest percentage of plants infested was on angled loofah (20.34%). The highest diversity of fruit flies based on commodity was found on bitter gourd (0.010). Based on location, the highest species diversity was found in subdistrict of Lubuk Kilangan (0.240). The diversity and attack level of fruit flies in Padang City are relatively low, but the control of these pests is required to avoid the spread of them widely in West Sumatera.

Keywords: Diversity, fruit flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, vegetables

Hidrayani^*, Yunisman

Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

Abstract

Species diversity of Trichogrammatid egg parasitoids parasitized lepidopteran pests was studied in West Sumatera. The lepidopteran eggs were collected from rice plants, corns, cabbages, and tomatoes distributed in five regencies with different altitudes. Three species of Trichogrammatid were recorded. Trichogramma japonicum parasitized Schirphopaga incertulas and distributed in all regencies planted rice with their parasitization ranged between 3.5-27.8%. Trichogramma chilotreae parasitizing Crocidolomia binotalis was distributed in all regencies planted cabbages with parasitization ranged between 5.3-5.6%. Trichogrammatiodea sp. parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera attacking corns was only found in Solok with parasitization 18.4%. Only one species of Trichogrammatid was found to parasitize each of lepidopteran eggs. None of egg parasitoid was found to parasitize H. armigera attacking tomatoes.  No difference was shown on the parasitization level of T. japonicum between high and low land planted rice.

Keywords: Diversity, Trichogrammatidae, Lepidopteran pests

Siska Kurniawati¹, Irawati Chaniago^2*, Irfan Suliansyah³

¹Postgraduate student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

²Associate Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

³Professor in Plant Physiology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

Abstract

Brown rice has recently become more popular following an increase in people awareness for healthy life style in Indonesia. “Sigah” is one of brown rice local to West Sumatera and is in high demand for its taste and aroma. However, this rice genotype, as for other landrace, is a tall and long-lived type. Tall rice is very susceptible for lodging due to flooding or strong wind. The research was aimed at determining the stability of mutant of Sigah, brown rice genotype with desired characters i.e plant height and early maturing; plant height and number of tillers. The experiment was carried out at irrigated paddy field at Sungai Sapih Kuranji, the City of Padang from April to July 2018 using 13 mutant lines of M2 that was previously irradiated with 200 Gy gamma rays. Twenty sister lines were used as control plants. Individual selection of every single plant was conducted through the experiment. Eight early maturing mutant lines and seven plant height mutants were found for their character of number of tillers. Number of mutants according to short-statured and early maturing mutants characters are 7 and 8 mutants respectively. Early maturing mutants were recorded for mutant lines 47, 89, 53, 58, 76, 111, 4 and 68.

Keywords: Brown rice, Irradiation, Mutation, West Sumatera, Sigah

Haliatur Rahma^*, Novri Nelly, Nova Susanti

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

Abstract

The rhizosphere of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) might harbored by many bacteria that have potency as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Therefore, we isolated and characterized the endophytic bacteria from shallot and found the potency as PGPR. This study was done in two stages, the diversity of endophytic bacteria and the colonization of various endophytic bacteria as plant growth promoters. The results showed that the endophytic bacteria had a high diversity of morphological characters. Endophytic isolate B2 has potential as PGPR in increasing shallot growth indicated by the number of leaf 35 sheet, weight of plant 875 g, and weight of bulb 46.50 g.

Keywords: Bacteria, Endophytic, Shallot, PGPR

Endang Dewi Murrinie^*, Prapto Yudono, Azis Purwantoro, Endang Sulistyaningsih

Faculty of Agriculture, Muria Kudus University, Gondangmanis, PO Box 53 Bae, Kudus, Indonesia

Abstract

Wood-apple is commonly propagated generatively using seed. Seed commonly is obtained from the waste of mature wood-apple with 3-6 days of post-harvest maturation storage. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of post-harvest maturation storage on various fruit age on wood-apple seed germination and seedling growth. This experiment was arranged by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors i.e. fruit age and the duration of post-harvest maturation storage. The first factor was fruit age of four levels i.e. 6 months after anthesis (MAA), 7 MAA, 8 MAA, and mature fruit exactly detached from the tree, hereafter the fallen mature fruit. The second factor was the duration of post-harvest maturation storage which consist of three levels i.e. 0 days of post-harvest maturation storage (DOP) (without storage), 3 DOP, and 6 DOP. An Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significant level was used. The results showed that post-harvest maturation storage and fruit age affected the seed germination and seedling growth. Germination and seedling emergence increased with the increase of fruit age and post-harvest maturation storage duration. The highest seed germination and seedling emergence were occurred from seed which came from fallen mature fruit either with or without post-harvest maturation storage. Six days of post-harvest maturation storage on fruit aged 8 MAA significantly increased the percentage of germination and the emergence of wood-apple seedling which was similar to the percentage of seed germination from fallen mature fruit.

Keywords: Germination, post-harvest maturation storage, seed, wood-apple

Teguh Budi Prasetyo^*, PK Dewi Hayati

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Unand Limau Manih, Padang – 25163, Indonesia

Abstract

This experiment was conducted at ultisol under oil palm replanting area.  The objectives of this research were to study the effect of tillage and soil amelioration techniques on soil physical and chemical properties, to find the appropriate tillage system to intensify maize production, and to find out best maize variety. The experiment was conducted in Split Plots under RCB design with 3 replications. The main plot was a combination of tillage and soil amelioration techniques, i.e. intensive tillage (A), intensive tillage with application of lime (B), intensive tillage with application of organic matter (C), minimum tillage (D), minimum tillage with application of lime (E), minimum tillage with application of organic matter (F), and zero tillage (G). Lime and organic matter were applied at the rate of 1x exchangeable Aluminium and 10 t/ha, respectively. The sub plot was maize genotypes, i.e. hybrid and open pollinated varieties. Each plot consisted of four 3-meter long rows. Results revealed that combination of intensive and minimum tillage system with soil amendments improved soil permeability (41.10 – 50.14 cm h^-1 and 13.52 – 18.52 cm h^-1 for combination of tillage with lime application and organic matter application respectively), exchangeable aluminium, P availability and cation exchange capacity. Both responded similarly on maize plant height, cob and pod dry weight, but became better maize performance compared to zero tillage. Sukmaraga variety performed higher plant height (18.3 cm) and pod dry weight (12.9 g) than the commercial hybrid, indicating high tolerance of Sukmaraga to acid soil.

 Keywords: Amelioration, Soil management, Ultisol, Tillage

Nurbailis^*, Endang Dwiki Ningrum, Jumsu Trisno

Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

Abstract

Fusarium wilt is one of the most destructive diseases in banana that needs to be addressed. We used T. viride -T1sk, an antagonistic fungus as well as a decomposer to decompose rice straw, and applied the resulted compost to banana seedlings infected by Fusarium wilt to find a dosage that potential to suppress the disease. A greenhouse study was conducted in RBD with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were the dosages of T. viride-rice straw compost (g/seedling), they were 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 0 (Control I), and without compost (Control II). The parameters were the density of T. viride-T1sk in seedling’s rhizosphere, the appearance of the first symptom, the percentage of symptomatic leaves, and the intensity of corm damage. The result showed that the density of T. viride in rhizosphere of banana seedlings before planting differed significantly among the dosages. The highest density was found at the dose of 140 g/seedling (8.23 x 10⁴) which was not significantly differ with the doses of 120 and 100 g/seedling. Two months after planting, the density of T. viride in rhizosphere was increased. The highest density was found in the treatment of 120 g/seedling compost (9.85 x 10⁴) which was not differed with the doses of 140 and 100 g/ seedling.

Keywords: Banana seedling, Fusarium wilt, Rice straw compost, T. viride-T1sk

Wizna^*, Eka Putri Yanti, Robi Amizar

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into drinking water on the total colonies of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus sp, pH, and cellulase activity in the small intestine of domestic chicken in starter period. This study was used 200 days old of domestic chicken CP 808 kept for 8 weeks. Type of cage used 20 units cage measuring 85 cm x 70 cm x 30 cm which each unit contained 10 chickens. The study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments in 5 replications. Treatment was the addition of B. amyloliquefaciens into drinking water (without B. amyloliquefaciens, 45 x 10⁹ CFU/ml, 65×10¹⁰ CFU/ml, and 43 x 10¹² CFU/ml). The variables observed were the total colonies of B. amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus sp, pH, and cellulase activity in the small intestine of domestic chicken. The results showed that addition of B. amyloliquefaciens in drinking water of domestic chicken increased the total colonies of B. amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus sp, and cellulase activity in the small intestine, but did not affect the pH. The highest total colonies (B. amyloliquefaciens and Lactobacillus sp) and cellulase activity were found on the addition of B. amyloliquefaciens at a level of 43 x 10¹² CFU/gram. Meanwhile, the pH intestine added B. amyloliquefaciens tended to be lower than without B. amyloliquefaciens.

Keywords: Cellulase activity, Domestic chicken, pH, Total colonies, Waretha probiotic

Dwi Susanto^*, Zeti Ermiena Surya Mat Hussin

Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Abstract

Kenaf (Hisbiscus cannabinus L.) is grown mainly for its fiber. In Malaysia, this species is relatively known as a new plant and has a potential to be cultivated and improved to produce high quality of fibers. Direct organogenesis of explants is one of the ways to provide high quality of seedling for the purpose. This study aimed to develop protocol for producing kenaf plantlets through direct organogenesis of explants. Different types of explants (shoot tips, nodes, leaves, and petioles) of kenaf were surface sterilized and cultured on the MS media supplemented with different combination of hormones. The results showed that shoot could be induced using different combination of hormones in both shoot tip and node cultures, but not in leaf and petiole cultures. On the other hand, root could form in all cultures easily even on MS basal media without hormones added.                                                                                   

Keywords: Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus, Java jute, Direct organogenesis, Explant

Rusda Khairati, Rahmat Syahni*

Social Economic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang 25162, Indonesia

Abstract

Rice field conversion is a transformation of rice field function from rice production to other uses. The accumulation of the case will threaten Indonesian food security in the future if early anticipation is not prepared. The objectives of this research were to figure out the amount of rice field conversion and to identify a path of the impact of population increase on the rice field conversion in Padang city, Indonesia. This research was conducted in Padang city from July to September 2017. Data was collected from Statistics of Padang city and official documents of Padang city from 2006 to 2017. Variables are the number of population, per capita income, land for settlement, length of road constructed, price of rice, and area of rice field. The methods of analysis were trend analysis and path analysis using IBM SPSS 23 and Smart PLS 3 softwares. The result showed that there was about 31.9 ha/year of rice field converted to other uses in Padang city within the last ten years. The population increase cause the indirect impact on the rice field conversion. The impact of population increase on the rice field conversion passes through per capita income and land for settlement as mediating factors.

 Keywords: Path analysis, Population increase, Rice field conversion