Tag Archives: 3 (4)

RESPONSE OF SWEET BELL PEPPER TO MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT AND ORGANO-BIO DEGRADABLE FERTILIZER

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Oluwagbenga Dunsin and Theo Okiemute Odeghe
Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara-State. Nigeria
 
ABSTRACT
 
An experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University Omu-Aran, Nigeria in the Savannah ecosystem of Nigeria from November to March for evaluating the response of sweet bell pepper to Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) and Organo Bio Degradable fertilizer (OBD+). The treatments included four levels of Organo-Bio Degradable fertilizer (0g, 20g, 40g and 60g) Moringa Leaf Extract at ratio 1:32 (v/v) was sprayed directly at the plant at 1 and 2 weeks after transplanting respectively and replicated thrice in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The results showed that plant height, number of leaves, fruit weight and yield of sweet bell pepper were significantly (P≤0.05) influenced by the application of  Moringa Leaf Extract and Organo-Bio Degradable fertilizer (OBD+).
Keywords: Sweet bell pepper; Moringa Leaf Extract; Organo-biofertilizer (OBD+)

CONTROL OF VARROA DESTRUCTOR ANDERSON AND TRUEMAN (ACARI: VARROIDAE) ON APIS MELLIFERA LINGUISTICA BY USING THYMOL AND FORMIC ACID IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

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Muhammad Asif Aziz*, Muhammad Azeem, Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmed, Farva Siddique, Muhammad Jamal
Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
 
ABSTRACT
 
Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) is the most devastating pest for beekeeping in Pakistan.Two acaricides i.e., thymol (powdered form) and formic acid were tested on Apis mellifera linguistica coloniesfor the management of Varroa mites in modified German and traditional Langstroth beehives. At first thymol was applied in two doses (2 and 4 gm) at weekly interval and the data were taken for four weeks. Efficacy of thymol 4 gm was better on bee colonies as compared to those treated with 2gm thymol. In modified German bee hives more mortality of mites was recorded due to thymol treatment as compared to traditional bee hives. In the next step both thymol and formic acid were compared for their effectiveness against Varroa mite. The results indicated that, formic acid (30ml/hive) had better efficacy than thymol 4gm. Both the acaricides were more effective on modified German beehives as compared to traditional Langstroth bee hives. No queens were lost, and no adult honeybee mortality was observed in any of the colonies during the experiment.  
Keywords: Apis mellifera, Varroa destructor, thymol, formic acid

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) TO SOME EUPHORBIACEAE PLANT EXTRACTS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

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Kiran Shehzadi, Munir Ahmad*, Imran Bodlah and Asim Gulzar
Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
 
ABSTRACT
 
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a serious insect pest of brassica crops. Its larvae skeletonize the leaves of host plants. Considering safer to environment, five plant extracts of Ricinus cummunis, Euphorbia heliscopia, E. hirta, E. milii and E. pulcherrima with a standard insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were tested. Second instar larvae of field collected P. xylostella were used for toxicity tests under laboratory conditions and changes in their biological parameters. Chlorpyrifos showed maximum mortality with LC50 of 1.13 ppm whereas R. cummunis was most effective with LC50 of 28.8 ppm followed by E. heliscopia, E. milii, E. hirta and E. pulcherrima of 32.9, 43.7, 44.6 and 40.5 ppm, respectively after 72 hrs exposure. Potential of Euphorbiaceae plant extracts needs further field testing for effective management tool against this important insect pest as safe and alternate bio-insecticide.
Keywords: Diamondback moth, toxicity, Euphorbiaceae, chlorpyrifos 

RESPONSE OF CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS AND SOWING DATES

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Haidar Ali1*, Gohar Ayub1, Ehsan Elahi1 Muhammad Shahab1, Saeed Ahmed2, Nazeer Ahmed3
1Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan.
2State University of Londrina Centre of Agriculture Sciences Londrina, Parana (PR) Brazil.
3State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University. Yangling, China

ABSTRACT
 
Field experiment for different levels of nitrogen and sowing dates for coriander crop was performed under field conditions during year 2011-12. Sowing of Coriander was practiced on three dates with fortnight interval from 20th October to 20th November). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at four levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1. Maximum days to germination, plant height, number of days to first umbel maturity and seed yield kg ha-1 were observed in plants provided with at 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen at 5th November sown crop, hence recommended for better production of coriander under the agro climatic conditions of Swat.
Keywords: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), Nitrogen levels and sowing dates.

PREVALENCE AND TREMATODE INFECTION OF FRESHWATER SNAILS WITH EMPHASIS ON FASCIOLOSIS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

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Asma Waheed Qureshi1,*, Akhtar Tanveer2, Azhar Maqbool3, Sadaf Niaz4
1,4Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. Pakistan
2Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Lahore, Pakistan
3Department of Parasitology, UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
 
ABSTRACT
 
Many snails act as an intermediate host to spread parasitic diseases in humans and animals. Studies on parasitic infections in freshwater snails are rare in Pakistan. Freshwater snails were collected on monthly basis from the northeastern areas of Punjab for the period of one year (June 2005 to May 2006). Snails were exposed to light and also crushed to assess the presence of larval Trematodes in them. Larvae were identified by microscopy. A total of 23,922 snails, comprising eight genera, were collected from six water bodies and among these, prevalence of the genus Indoplanorbis was found highest (23.4%), followed by Bulinus (21.5%), Oncomelonia (15.4%), Lymnaea (14.9%), Bellamya (10.6%), Gyraulus (7.6%), Melanoides (3.8%) and Physa (2.8%). All snails were examined for Trematode infection, from which, 3541 (14.8%) showed the presence of Trematode larvae. Four morphologically distinguishable types of Cercariae were identified. Most Trematode infections were recorded from Lymnaea, which harboured three morphologically different Cercariae. Amphistome was the commonest types of cercariae (67.07%) recorded, while Xiphidiocercariacercariae(0.82%) was the least common. No trematodal cercariae were recovered from Oncomelonia, Bellamya, Melanoides, Gyralus and Physa. The only intermediate host for Fasciola cecariea were Lymnaea snails. Infection of these snails with Fasciola cecariae was influenced by temperature and rainfall.
Keywords: Trematode infection, freshwater snails, fasciolosis, Pakistan

ANTIBIOSIS STUDIES OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS L. (BRUCHIDAE: COLEOPTERA) ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF CICER ARIETINUM L. (LEGUMINOSAE: FABALES)

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Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Mahmood Ul-Hasan3 and Nasir Mazhar Malik4
  1Department of Entomology, 2Department of Plant Pathology, 3Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. 4Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Punjab
 
ABSTRACT

Chickpea has to face post-harvest losses in storage due to heavy bruchid infestation. Fifteen cultivars of chickpea namely Bittle-98, Parbat, Punjab-91, Paidar-91, C-44, Noor-91, NCS-2003, CM-2000, CH-41/91, Flip 97-192C, Dasht, C-44×E-100YM, NUYT-90395, BH-73111 and CM-72 were studied for antibiosis test of Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). Cultivars having thick, hard, wrinkled and rough seed coat were found more resistant as compared to thin, soft and smooth seed coat.  For antibiosis test, the cultivars of C-44, Punjab-91, CM-72, Parbat, Bittle-98, NUYT-90395, Dasht, C-44×E-100YM and NCS-2003 were found resistant showing minimum longevity of C. chinensis with a range of 11.53 to 13.56 days. Minimum days (11.53) to 100% mortality were observed for Bittle-98 and the maximum days (16.88) were recorded for Noor-91. The minimum F1 adults (2.67) were observed in grains of Dasht and the maximum (11.46) were recorded in Flip 97-192C. The minimum days (9.16) to 100% mortality of F1 adults were observed in grains of Parbat whereas the maximum days (16.04) were recorded for Flip 97-192C. Chickpea cultivars of Punjab-91, Dasht, Bittle-98 and Parbat were found resistant against C. chinensis while Paidar-91 and Flip 97-192C were found susceptible.
Keywords: Callosobruchus chinensis, Cicer arietinum, antibiosis, mortality, cultivars and resistance.