Tag Archives: Online First

Zair Shakirov¹, Iskandar Yakubov², Khursheda Khamidova¹, Saidakhon Zakiryaeva¹, Nodira Azimova¹, Sardarkhodja Kurganov³, Cheng Gao⁴, Husniddin Karimov¹*

¹Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

²National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

³Republican Scientific Specialized Center of Allergology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

⁴State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

*Corresponding author’s email: husniddin263@gmail.com

Received: 25 January 2026 / Revised: 04 May 2026 / Accepted: 20 May 2026 / Published Online: 12 June 2026

Abstract

Extracellular acid phosphatase plays a key role in the mobilization of organic phosphorus in soil ecosystems. In this study, acid phosphatase produced by Trichoderma asperellum Uz-A4 was isolated, purified and biochemically characterized. Maximum enzyme activity (1534 µM min⁻¹ mg⁻¹) was observed on the sixth day of cultivation in Czapek broth. Zymogram analysis revealed two extracellular acid phosphatase isoforms with molecular masses of approximately 175 and 115 kDa. The dominant isoform (ACP1) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by DEAE–TSK ion-exchange and Phenyl–Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS–PAGE analysis showed that ACP1 is a homodimer composed of two identical subunits of 85 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C and retained high activity after incubation at 60 °C for 1 h, indicating pronounced thermostability. Zn²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions significantly inhibited enzyme activity, whereas Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Mg²⁺, EDTA and reducing agents had no substantial effect. The biochemical properties of ACP1 highlight the potential of T. asperellum Uz-A4 to contribute to organic phosphorus mineralization and to improve phosphorus availability and soil fertility under sustainable agricultural systems.

Keywords: Acid phosphatase, Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, Phosphorus mobilization, Soil fertility, Trichoderma spp.

Zhamila Baimirzayeva¹, Karlygash Korazbekova^2*, Aigul Aitbayeva²

¹Department of Biotechnology, M.Auezov South Kazakhstan Research University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

²Department of Biology, Zhanibekov University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

*Corresponding author’s email: korazbekova.karlygash@okmpu.kz

Received: 17 February 2026 / Revised: 19 May 2026 / Accepted: 22 May 2026 / Published Online: 11 June 2026

Abstract

Pseudomonas spp. are widely recognized as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with improved plant performance under greenhouse conditions. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Pseudomonas strains from greenhouse soils of the Turkestan region (Kazakhstan) and to evaluate their biochemical traits and effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth under controlled conditions. Four fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas baetica P1-1, Pseudomonas sp. N1-2 and N2-2, Pseudomonas germanica P4. Seed inoculation assays indicated that the tested strains positively influenced germination and early plant growth parameters, with variation among isolates. The strains also exhibited differences in antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and indole-related traits. Among them, P. baetica P1-1 showed comparatively higher superoxide radical scavenging activity and EPS production, indicating strong functional potential. Compatibility assays revealed no antagonistic interactions among the strains, suggesting their potential use in combined applications. Overall, the results indicate that the studied native Pseudomonas strains possess plant growth-promoting and stress-related functional traits that may contribute to their application as bioinoculants in greenhouse tomato production.

Keywords: Pseudomonas, PGPR, Tomato, Greenhouse soil, Bacterial compatibility, Gene sequencing

Ruangyote Pilajun¹*, Chittraporn Yeanpet¹, Areerat Lunpha¹, Wichan Kaewluan¹, Rukkiat Jitchati², Ratchataporn Lunsin³, Eric Lim Teik Chung⁴

¹Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand

³Programs in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabaht University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand

⁴Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia

*Corresponding author’s email: ruangyote.p@ubu.ac.th

Received: 04 February 2026 / Revised: 29 April 2026 / Accepted: 19 May 2026 / Published Online: 07 June 2026

Abstract

This study identified the optimal inclusion levels of fresh cassava bioethanol waste (CBW) as well as the most effective additive types based on physical properties, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment used a 4×4 factorial arrangement in a CRD with four CBW levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% dry matter (DM)) as well as four additive treatments (none, dry yeast, probiotics, and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes) in fermented total mixed rations (FTMR). FTMR was ensiled for 21 days before being evaluated. Interactions between CBW levels and additives significantly affected physical scores, chemical composition, and fermentation end-products (P<0.05), but did not influence cumulative gas yield or certain gas kinetic indices (P>0.05). The addition of dry yeast increased the gas produced from the immediately soluble fraction (b) and the potential extent of gas production (P). NSP enzyme increased cumulative gas volume at 72 and 96 hours after incubation as well as the gas produced from the immediately soluble fraction (P<0.05). Addition of probiotics increased cumulative gas volumes at 72 and 96 hours, DM degradability at 24 hours, and potential extent of gas production after 96 hours of incubation (P<0.05). The inclusion of 10% CBW with probiotics or NSP enzymes yielded the highest physical quality scores. While increasing CBW levels raised fiber content and initially shifted fermentation toward higher acetic acid levels at the expense of propionate, probiotics and NSP enzymes significantly enhanced cumulative gas production and NH₃-N concentrations. Remarkably, yeast and probiotics successfully redirected VFA profiles toward propionate at the 15% CBW inclusion level. Although higher CBW levels obviously reduced energy density, biological additives effectively mitigated this decline by facilitating greater fiber degradation. The results recommend inclusion of 10–15% CBW in FTMR with 10% being optimal when paired with probiotics or enzymes to improve nitrogen availability and physical quality. Further in vivo trials can validate these laboratory findings in ruminant performance.

Keywords: Cassava bioethanol waste, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Probiotics, Fibrolytic enzymes, Ruminal fermentation

Nirmala Friyanti Devy¹, Sri Widyaningsih¹, Farida Yulianti¹, Eriyanto Yusnawan², Agus Sugiyatno¹, Siti Subandiyah³, Hardiyanto^1*

¹Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia. Cibinong Science Center (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor, KM. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia

²Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia. Cibinong Science Center (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor, KM. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia

³Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author’s email: hardiyanto85@yahoo.com

Received: 11 February 2026 / Revised: 05 May 2026 / Accepted: 19 May 2026 / Published Online: 06 June 2026

Abstract

Citrus rootstock selection is usually based on physiological or anatomical characteristics, which restricts integrative knowledge and lowers the efficacy of selection techniques. The lack of cross-organ metabolic evidence further constrains the use of metabolomics in practical rootstock evaluation. This study determined whether coordinated root and leaf metabolomic profiles distinguish five citrus rootstocks and explain variation in leaf anatomy and vegetative growth of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Keprok Batu 55 (KB) and Citrus sinensis L. cv. Manis Pacitan (MP) under highland conditions. Untargeted GC–MS metabolomics, combined with multivariate analysis, anatomical traits, and growth measurements, showed that rootstock identity was the dominant source of variation, with PC1 explaining ~40–45% of the total metabolic variance across organs. Salam and Cleopatra mandarin were enriched in terpenoids, coumarins, and phenylpropanoid-related metabolites, reflecting a defense-associated metabolic profile, whereas Volkameriana and Rough Lemon had a higher relative abundance of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, NAD-related compounds, and antioxidants, consistent with a growth-associated profile. Those metabolic configurations are correlated with footsteps in lamina thickness, palisade development, stomatal density, and vegetative growth, all significant at p < 0.05. This study is novel in showing root-leaf metabolomic coordination associated with anatomical plasticity and growth variation, and in providing systematic evidence of rootstock-defined metabolic syndromes co-modulated between roots and leaves in tropical citrus systems. These findings highlight the potential of metabolome-informed approaches to support early rootstock pre-selection, pending validation with replicated metabolomic designs.

Keywords: Citrus, Rootstock–scion interaction, Metabolomics, Metabolic syndromes, Leaf anatomy, Growth–defense trade-off