Tag Archives: 2026-1

Achira Artnaseaw¹, Ariya Santaweesuk², Apichart Artnaseaw^3*

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

³Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

*Corresponding author’s email: aapich@kku.ac.th

Received: 18 July 2025 / Revised: 11 October 2025 / Accepted: 15 October 2025 / Published Online: 22 October 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the anaerobic co-digestion of thermochemically pretreated pig manure and Napier grass under mesophilic conditions, focusing on kinetic analysis and the effects of total solids concentration and PM/NG ratio on methane production. PM was treated with 5% Ca(OH)₂ at 70 °C for seven days, while NG was immersed in 0.6% NaOH at 90 °C for two hours. A series of 30-day batch experiments was conducted using a laboratory-scale setup to evaluate cumulative methane yield (CMY) as the principal performance metric. Experimental conditions included five PM/NG mixing ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) and three TS levels (3%, 5%, and 7%). Methane production exhibited a typical sigmoidal profile comprising a lag phase (3–10 days), an exponential production phase, and a plateau phase. The average methane content was 64.27%. The highest daily methane production rate (29.27 mL/g VS/day) and maximum CMY (210.47 mL/g VS) were recorded at a 1:1 PM/NG ratio and 3% TS. Four kinetic models (Modified Gompertz, Cone, Logistic, and Richards) were applied to evaluate predictive performance. Among them, the Modified Gompertz and Cone models provided the most accurate fits (R² > 0.995; lowest RMSE), effectively capturing the sigmoidal nature of methane production.

Keywords: Methane production, Anaerobic co-digestion, Kinetic model, Napier grass, Pig manure

Budi Utomo^1*, Rimayanti Rimayanti¹, Sri Mulyati¹, Tjuk Imam Restiadi¹, Nurul Khaeriyah Amrullah², Faheem Ahmed Khan³, Syahruddin Said⁴, Santoso Santoso⁵, Athhar Manabi Diansyah⁶, Muhammad Rizal⁷, Rahmat Rahmat⁷, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah⁸, Fuad Hasan⁹, Aeni Nurlatifah¹⁰

¹Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, City of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

²Bachelor program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, City of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

³Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

⁴Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

⁵Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

⁶Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

⁷Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. Jenderal Ahmad Yani Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

⁸Doctoral Program of Animal Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, Indonesia

⁹Animal Science Study Program, Faculty ofAgriiculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

¹⁰Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Depok, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author’s email: budi-u-2@fkh.unair.ac.id

Received: 13 August 2025 / Revised: 11 October 2025 / Accepted: 14 October 2025 / Published Online: 21 October 2025

Abstract

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) play a vital role in Indonesian livestock systems, but artificial insemination (AI) programs are often hindered by the decline in semen quality after cryopreservation. This study aimed to evaluate post-thawed semen performance and genetic variability among Toraja, Kalsel, and Silangit buffalo bulls, with the goal of identifying phenotypic and molecular traits linked to cryotolerance. A total of 60 frozen semen straws (20 per bull) were assessed for motility, viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and functional assays. Genomic DNA obtained from blood samples was subjected to PCR amplification of candidate fertility genes (OPN, IGF-1, LHβ, SPAG11B, and TNP1), followed by sequence analysis to identify nucleotide mutations and deduced amino acid substitutions. Results showed that Silangit bulls had significantly greater viability (81.49%) and membrane integrity (89.70%) than Toraja and Kalsel bulls (p < 0.001), suggesting superior tolerance to freezing. All breeds displayed conserved G+C content (55–62%), but mutation patterns varied: OPN mutations appeared only in Toraja bulls, while LHβ and TNP1 showed higher mutation frequencies in Silangit bulls. Correlation tests revealed positive associations between LHβ mutations and sperm viability/straightness (r = 0.999–1.000, p < 0.05), while variations in OPN and SPAG11B were negatively linked to motility, acrosome integrity, and survival. These findings indicate that semen cryotolerance differences among buffalo breeds are influenced by specific genetic variations. Despite a limited sample size and narrow genomic coverage, the study highlights the value of integrating semen quality analysis with genomic tools for sire selection and improving AI success in native buffalo populations.

Keywords: Buffalo bulls, Post-thawed semen quality, Cryopreservation, Genomic variation, Indigenous breeds

Jatuporn Teanma¹, Yingluck Kanchanaroeak^2*, Apipong Putkham¹, Tawatchai Tanee^1,3, Angsuma Kanchak⁴, Metta Kengchuwong⁴, Ajchara Imkum Putkham⁵, Polpreecha Chidburee⁶, Piemjit Muangkot³

¹Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand

²College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, Thailand

³One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand

⁴Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand

⁵Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand

⁶Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand

*Corresponding author’s email: yinglukk@yahoo.com

Received: 13 June 2025 / Revised: 02 October 2025 / Accepted: 11 October 2025 / Published Online: 20 October 2025

Abstract

Shifting cultivation is often scrutinized for its environmental impacts, yet its role in providing ecosystem services remains poorly quantified. This study’s objective was to measure and compare key regulating services across a land-use gradient in highland Thailand, including monoculture maize, active cultivation (upland rice), 3-year fallow, and conservation forest. Field and laboratory experiments assessed soil erosion, gaseous pollutants, Particulate Matter with diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) emissions, and particulate capture capacity. Results reveal that monoculture maize demonstrated severe soil degradation, with high sediment in runoff (2.39 g/L) and poor water infiltration (94.75%). Conversely, the 3-year fallow plot showed significant recovery, with erosion dropping to 0.90 g/L and infiltration rising to 97.28%. Furthermore, while burning for cultivation releases particulates, the fallow landscape provides a powerful counter-service, with vegetation sequestering an average of 22.95 kg of suspended particulates per rai. This research provides clear quantitative evidence that traditional shifting cultivation, with adequate fallow periods, functions as a resilient system whose regulating services can mitigate its own disturbances. These findings challenge one-dimensional views of the practice and argue for land policies that recognize and integrate the profound ecological value of managed agro-ecosystems

Keywords: Shifting cultivation, Land-use planning, Regulating ecosystem services, Erosion control, Gaseous air pollutants