Riska¹*, Herwita Idris¹, Jumjunidang¹, Nurmansyah¹, Tri Budiyanti¹, Riki Warman¹, Hermawati Cahyaningrum¹, Ellina Mansyah¹ , Rasiska Tarigan¹, Afrizon², Atman¹

¹Research Center for Horticultural, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia

²Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia

 

*Corresponding author’s email: risk011@brin.go.id

Received: 16 November 2025 / Revised: 10 February 2026 / Accepted: 16 February 2026 / Published Online: 26 February 2026

 

Abstract

 

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is recognized as one of the most catastrophic pathogens threating banana production globally. The constrain of chemical method used and limitation of an effective conventional strategies stimulating the use of environmentally responsible biocontrol strategies. This study was purposed to evaluate the efficacy of potential antagonist indigenous Trichoderma and Burkholderia strains isolated from banana rhizosphere in single- and co-culture approaches. Microbial identification was performed through partial 28SrRNA region amplification (fungi isolates) and 16sRNA region (bacterial isolates) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Colony compatibility, antagonist activity test of mycelium and a poisoned food test were assessed. The bioactive compounds produced by single and co-culture cultivation of Trichoderma spp. and Burkholderia spp. were profiled using GC-MS.  Dual plate culture tests showed that Burkholderia sp. S10KTR325 and Trichoderma sp. PP21 caused significant inhibition of Foc growth, at 76.04% and 80.39%, respectively. A poisoned food test through secondary metabolite-based cell-free supernatants dissolved in culture medium revealed that combinations such as Trichoderma sp. PP21 and Burkholderia sp. S10KTR316 or S10KTR325, as well as co-cultures of Trichoderma sp. KPK22 and Burkholderia sp. S10KTR25, achieved over 80% inhibition. An exception was found in the combination of Burkholderia sp. S10KTR316 and Trichoderma sp. KPK22. Those combinations inhibited the percentage of colony growth was only at 2.2%. The single supernatant of Trichoderma sp. PP21 showed comparable efficacy to co-culture treatments. All treatments, both in single microbial cultures and co-cultures consistently produced 2-piperidinone, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-, and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl). Trichoderma sp. PP21 and its co-cultures with Burkholderia sp. S10KTR25 are a promising bio-fungicide agent to be developed.

 

Keywords: Banana, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Secondary metabolite, Trichoderma sp., Burkholderia sp. co-culture

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