Soenarno1, Yuniawati1*, Lutfy Abdulah1, Ika Heriansyah1, Marfuah Wardani1, Darwo1, Rosita Dewi1, Titi Kalima1, Sona Suhartana1, Nina Mindawati1, Parwa Oryzanti1, I Wayan Widhana Susila1, Pudja Mardi Utomo2, Rachman Effendi1, Sarah Andini1, Totok Kartono Waluyo3, Siswadi4, dan Yanto Rochmayanto5
1Research Center for Ecology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
2Research Center for Biota System, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
3Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
4Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM.46, Cibinong Science Center, 16911, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
5Directorate of Environment, Maritime, Natural Resources, and Nuclear Policies, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
*Corresponding author’s email: yuni029@brin.go.id
Received: 17 February 2026 / Revised: 21 June 2026 / Accepted: 28 June 2026 / Published Online: 25 July 2026
Abstract
Tropical natural forests are vital ecosystems that provide a wide range of ecosystem functions, biodiversity conservation, and most critically, carbon stock and sequestration. Selective logging with the reduced impact logging (RIL) technique still generates logging residues and residual stand damage, which reduces the forest’s ability to recover and function as a long-term carbon stock. This study presents an integrative assessment of carbon loss resulting from RIL operations in tropical forests by simultaneously quantifying emissions from logging residues and residual stand damage. The study was conducted in a log over area of natural mountain forest at PT. Kayu Tribuana Rama, which is geographically located at 01°13’01″–01°29’49” South latitude and 112°12’12″–112°36’43” East longitude. The results show that the total potential carbon stock and CO2 emission after logging reached 4.804-ton C. ha-1, equivalent to 17.612 ton CO2eq.ha-1, comprising 15.4% from logging residues and 18.2% from residual stand damage. Logging efficiency ranged from 74.8% to 78.7%, with an average of 75.9%, while the degree of residual stand damage ranged from 27.5% to 37.1%, with an average of 33.6%, classified as moderate damage. The calculation of forest carbon and potential CO2 emissions after logging in natural production forests must integrate calculations from logging residues and residual stand damage to improve the methodology within the carbon Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) system. The development of this methodological approach is essential for improving the accuracy of logging-related emission estimates and supporting performance-based incentive schemes, including payments for environmental services, carbon credit mechanisms, and sustainable biodiversity credits.
Keywords: Selective logging, Logging residues, Residual stand damage, Post-logging carbon emissions, Carbon stock and stock, Sustainable tropical natural forests
