Received:20 July2025/ Revised:10 September 2025/ Accepted:24 September 2025/ Published Online: 22 October 2025
Abstract
Chlorella sp. has garnered attention as a sustainable feedstock to produce bioactive compounds with potential applications in energy, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural sectors. The commercial viability and sector expansion require a streamlined cultivation process. The chemical nutrient media utilized remain a bottleneck and contribute appreciably to the downstream costs. The study aimed to develop a cheaper and environmentally friendly technique for culturing Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 using goat manure waste. The nitrified air-dried goat manure was aerobically fermented with efficient microbes to augment the nutrient bioavailability. The biomass concentration, biomass productivity, and specific growth rate of C. sorokiniana UTEX 1230 were significantly higher in GME10% compared to commercial M8 medium. Moreover, the doubling time was significantly lower for GME10% medium compared to the commercial M8. Carbohydrates were found to be higher in commercial M8, whereas protein content was higher in GME10%. The carbohydrate and protein content showed a clear association with nitrogen concentration in the media, which confirms the role of nitrogen in the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins in microalgae. These findings provide an insight into the possibility of using animal wastes such as goat manure as a surrogate culturing medium for C. sorokiniana.The GME medium is environmentally friendly, as it enhances sustainability by recycling nutrients and reducing the nutrient input costs associated with microalgae biotechnology.
Keywords: Goat manure extract, Nitrogen, Microalgae, Carbohydrates, Protein
